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Future Internet PPP Use Case Project

Future Internet PPP

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Carrier (land, rail, sea, air)



Carriers are steam ship companies, airlines, railway companies and trucking companies. The carrier performs the physical transport tasks in the shipping process. Most carriers own their own transport equipment. Some carriers, however, act as non-vehicle operating entities, which means that they perform all functions of an asset owning carrier, but are free to contract with any third party who owns assets for actual carriage of the goods. Non-vehicle operating entities must obtain special certification and authorization from local authorities to operate in this manner.


Within the shipping industry a special document exists that is used to describe the contents of a shipment. This document is called the bill of lading. Modern bills of lading are descriptive documents that are used primarily as inventory documents indicating the amount of each type of good shipped in the particular container. The container can be an ocean freight container, an airline ULD, a rail car, or a truck trailer. The bill of lading used in this manner has cross modal general applicability.


There exists another, more ancient and historical, bill of lading that can be used that acts as a negotiable document that indicates that the holder of the bill of lading is also the owner of the goods shown on the bill of lading. This document is seldom used today as other mechanisms have developed to show ownership and manage ownership transfer.

Finest Domain Analysis

 

"Carrier means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of transport by rail, road, air, sea, inland waterway, or by combination of such modes."

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)



"An individual or legal entity that is in the business of transporting passengers or goods for hire. Shipping lines, airlines, trucking companies and railroad companies are all carriers."

Hinkelmann, E.G. 2008. Dictionary of International Trade 8th Edition. California, USA:  World Trade Press

 

See Stakeholder

Last change: 2011-11-14

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